Two types of ration need to be formulated
Concentrates:
Roughage: (Green grass/Straw/Silage/ UMS)
Silage preparation Process:
Make a shallow 10-20 ft long, 8 ft wide and 3 ft deep earthen curved hole from top to bottom
Cover the bottom soil with a lighten layer of straw
Fill the hole with grass. Silage will be good if the grass is cut into small size (2-3 cm)
Chopper machine can be used to cut grass into small pieces
Grass can be stored up to 10 feet high from the bottom of the hole
Incase of hard grass, a mixture of 5 kg water and 5 kg molasses sprinkle equally on every 300kg grass
Knit the grass very tightening it. You can use a hammer to shrink the grass or drive tractor on the pit.
At last the grass should be covered with a straw layer then polythene and finally coated with 3-4 inches of soil.
Always high land or elevated position should be selected for silage preparation
Maize, Napier, Sorghum etc. are suitable grass for making silage and they must be cut off before maturity.
Yellowish green colour and sweet aroma is the best identifying character of ideal silage
20 kg silage is enough for an animal weighing 200kg.
Urea Molasses Straw (UMS) Preparation Process:

UMS is straw mixed with urea and molasses. The ratio of this mixture is Straw:Molasses: Urea= 82:15:3.

Simple preparation method:
A certain amount of straw need to be added with half of it’s water. The amount of molasses will be half of water and then urea will be added at the rate of 3% of total straw.
For example: For 10 kg straw 5kg water, 2.5 kg molasses and 300 gm urea should be taken.
How to prepare:
Weighing of straw, water, molasses and urea separately

Determining the weight of water

Diagnosis of Chitagur Weight

Diagnosis of urea weight

Weighed water, chitagur and urea and straw

Prepare a mixture of water, molasses and urea

A mixture of chitagur with water

A mixture of urea with water

Spread polythene in an even place and spread small cut straw evenly on it

Spread polythene and spread small cut straw on it

Spread the chopped straw evenly over the polythene

Sprinkle the water mixture on straw with a sprinkler or using hand

The mixture soaked all the straw with a shower

Sprinkle the mixture by hand and soak all the straw

Now UMS is ready. It can be fed upto three days or immediate after preparation.

Cautions:

Once made UMS can not be fed after three days of preparation

The amount of urea can never be increased more than 3%.

Income and Expenditure:/ Cost and Profit: